DTCOATESDESIGN.GRILLUST.UK
  • Home
  • Portfolio
  • Blogs
    • Design in Context

History of Computers

28/10/2019

0 Comments

 
Computer History Museum. (N/A). Timeline of Computer History. Retrieved October 22, 2019, from Computer History Museum: https://www.computerhistory.org/timeline/computers/
Levy, S. (2018, MAy 29). Graphical user interface. Retrieved October 24, 2019, from Encyclopædia Britannica: https://www.britannica.com/technology/graphical-user-interface
Pottenger, W. M., Hemmendinger, D., & Others. (2019, January 30). Computer. Retrieved October 22, 2019, from Encyclopædia Britannica: https://www.britannica.com/technology/computer/History-of-computing
Tan, D. S. (2014, June 12). Human-machine interface. Retrieved October 24, 2019, from Encyclopædia Britannica: https://www.britannica.com/technology/human-machine-interface
Zimmermann, K. A. (2017, September 7). History of Computers: A Brief Timeline. Retrieved October 22, 2019, from Live Science: https://www.livescience.com/20718-computer-history.html
The article on computer history by Zimmermann seems to be a rather Americentric perspective on computer history though her work does help to high light significant mile stones in the history of computing that I a searching for.
  • 1964: Douglas Engelbart shows a prototype of the modern computer, with a mouse and a graphical user interface (GUI). This marks the evolution of the computer from a specialized machine for scientists and mathematicians to technology that is more accessible to the general public.
  • 1981: The first IBM personal computer, code-named "Acorn," is introduced. It uses Microsoft's MS-DOS operating system. It has an Intel chip, two floppy disks and an optional color monitor. Sears & Roebuck and Computerland sell the machines, marking the first time a computer is available through outside distributors. It also popularizes the term PC.
  • 1985: Microsoft announces Windows, according to Encyclopedia Britannica. This was the company's response to Apple's GUI. Commodore unveils the Amiga 1000, which features advanced audio and video capabilities.
(Zimmermann, 2017)
 
The Encyclopedia Britanica has articles on the Human-Machine interface, which is another term for user interface. It is the means by which humans and computers communicate with each other with hardware (mouse, keyboard ect.) and software (operating systems)  
  • Evolution Of The Human-Machine Interface -The evolution of the human-machine interface can be divided into several historical phases, marked by the dominant interface of the time. In the 1950s the prevalent model was batch processing, in which users specified all details of a task (typically on punch cards), executed them (by feeding the cards to the machine), and received results an hour or more later, when the processing was fully completed. Batch processing was tedious and error-prone. The batch interface was followed by developments in command-line interfaces, which allowed users to interactively issue commands that the system immediately executed and produced results for. Command-line interfaces, although an improvement, did not take full advantage of human perceptual, cognitive, and learning abilities. Those abilities were leveraged with the development of graphical user interfaces (GUIs) in the mid-1960s and early ’70s. In modern GUIs, users engage in rich communication with the computer by using various input devices.
The section of the article provides a good reference point for contextualizing the history of the user interfaces alongside the history of modern computers. 
0 Comments



Leave a Reply.

    Design In Context

    Author

    Daniel Thomas Coates, graphic designer based in the UK. Currently a student at the University of Cumbria, Carlisle. 

    This Blog is dedicated to researching design in context, primarily for my university module, but hopefully will encourage me to do more general research in design.

    Archives

    October 2019
    April 2019
    March 2019
    February 2019

    Categories

    All

    RSS Feed

Site powered by Weebly. Managed by 34SP.com
  • Home
  • Portfolio
  • Blogs
    • Design in Context